Syria Country & Tourist Information

Location
Middle East.

Area
185,180 sq km (71,498 sq miles).

Population
18.6 million (UN, 2005).

Population Density
100.4 per sq km.

Capital
Damascus.
Population: 3.5 million (official estimate 2003).

Government
Republic since 1973. Gained independence in 1946. 
Recent history: In June 2000, after years of failing health, President Assad died. Having fallen out with his brother, Rifaat, some years earlier, and with the accidental death of his eldest son, Basil, in 1994, Assad had selected his second son, Bashar, as heir. While domestic policy has seen something of a relaxation under Bashar, Western hopes that the Syrian Arab Republic would pursue a more pro-Western line have proved misguided – in the vocabulary of the US Bush administration, the Syrian Arab Republic is a ‘state of concern’ (one level below the ‘axis of evil’). The Syrians have provided some assistance to the Western ‘War Against Terror’ but were strongly opposed to the Anglo-American invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Syria pulled its forces out of Lebanon in 2005, after coming under intense international pressure following a UN report that implicated the Syrian Arab Republic in the assassination of former Premier of Lebanon, Rafik Hariri. Both Syria and pro-Syria Lebanese officials were thought to be involved, although this has been strongly denied by Damascus.
The 1973 constitution allows for a single-chamber legislature, the 250-member People’s Assembly. Executive power is vested in the President who is directly elected for a seven-year term.

Language
Arabic, French and English. Kurdish is spoken by a small minority.

Religion
Over 80 per cent Muslim (mostly Sunni), with sizeable Christian (mostly Orthodox and Catholic) groups and Jewish minorities.

Time
GMT + 2 (GMT + 3 from 1 April to 1 October).

Electricity
220 volts AC, 50Hz. European-style two-pin plugs.

Head of Government
Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari since 2003.

Head of State
President Bashar al-Assad since 2000.

Telephone
IDD is available. Country code: 963. Public telephones are available.

Mobile Telephone
International roaming agreements have been established. Coverage is good, covering 95 per cent of the populated areas.

Internet
Access to Internet services is available in universities and public offices.

Media
The Government and Baath Party own and control much of the Syrian media. Criticism of the President and his family is not permitted and the domestic and foreign press are censored. Press freedom swelled after Bashar al-Assad became President in 2000, overseeing the licensing of the first private publications in almost 40 years. However, a subsequent press law imposed a range of restrictions. Publications had to obtain licenses from the Prime Minister and could be suspended for violating content bans. Websites deemed to be offensive or anti-Syrian are banned by the Government.

Post
Airmail to Western Europe takes up to 10 days. Parcels sent from the Syrian Arab Republic should be packed at the post office. There are post offices in virtually all towns. Post office hours: Mon-Fri 0800-1400; larger branches are open longer.

Press
The Syria Times is published daily in English. All other newspapers are in Arabic (the most important ones being Al-Baath, Al-Thawra and Tishrin). International papers are also widely available.

Radio
Private, commercial FM broadcasters are currently being developed, butwill be unable to transmit news or political content. The first ofthese private FM stations has already emerged: Al-Madina FM, launched in March 2005. Syrian Arab Republic Radio is a state-run service, as is Radio Damascus, although this is an external service (broadcasting in several languages, including English).

Below are listed Publich Holidays for the January 2007-December 2008 period.

2007
1 Jan New Year’s Day.
20 Jan Islamic New Year.
8 Mar Revolution Day.
21 Mar Mother’s Day.
31 Mar Mouloud (Birth of the Prophet).
8 Apr Easter.
8 Apr Orthodox Easter.
17 Apr Independence Day.
1 May Labor Day.
6 May Martyrs’ Day.
6 Oct October Liberation War.
13 Oct Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan).
20 Dec Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice).
25 Dec Christmas Day.

2008
1 Jan New Year’s Day. 
10 Jan Islamic New Year.
8 Mar Revolution Day.
20 Mar Mouloud (Birth of the Prophet).
21 Mar Mother’s Day. 
23 Mar Easter.
17 Apr Independence Day.
27 Apr Orthodox Easter.
1 May Labor Day.
6 May Martyrs’ Day.
2 Oct Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan).
6 Oct October Liberation War. 
9 Dec Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice).
25 Dec Christmas Day.
29 Dec Islamic New Year.

Note
Muslim festivals are timed according to local sightings of various phases of the moon and the dates given above are approximations. During the lunar month of Ramadan that precedes Eid al-Fitr, Muslims fast during the day and feast at night and working hours are 0900-1400. Many restaurants are closed during the day and there may be restrictions on smoking and drinking.

Contact Information:

Ministry of Tourism
P.O.Box 6642, Barada Street, Damascus, Syria
Tel: (11) 221 0122.
Website: www.syriatourism.org

Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic in the UK
8 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PH, UK
Tel: (020) 7245 9012 or 7201 8830/8831 (consular).
Opening hours: Mon- Fri 1000-1200 (visa applications); 1300-1400 (enquiries); 1400-1500 (visa collection).
Website: www.syrianembassy.co.uk

Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic in the USA
2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
Tel: (202) 232 6313.
Website: www.syrianembassy.us
Opening hours: Mon-Fri 0900-1530.


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