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National MallCity/Region: Washington DC
Extending for over two miles (3km) from the US Capitol to the Potomac River, the tree-lined grassy strip known as the National Mall is the central hub of tourist activity in the city, containing many of Washington DC's most famous attractions. It is home to the tapering Washington Monument, the Lincoln, Roosevelt and Jefferson Memorials, the Capitol, White House, the museums of the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Gallery of Art. The Mall is at the heart of the city's social
life, the site for many celebrations and festivals throughout the year, and used by scores of joggers, picnickers, food vendors and strollers daily. The Tidal Basin, a beautiful lake famous for its spring show of blossoming Japanese cherry trees, lies to the south.
Phone Number: (202) 426 6841 (Visitor information)
Website: www.nps.gov/nama
Transport: Smithsonian metro station
Hours: The park is open 24 hours daily
Admission: Free
US CapitolCity/Region: Washington DC
The heart of American government is also Washington, DC's most prominent landmark, the US Capitol, which is sited on the top of Capitol Hill, its giant white dome visible from all over the city. It is the city's top tourist attraction, as well as the most recognized symbol of democracy, and contains the Senate and the House of Representatives, as well as the Supreme Court and the Library of Congress, the largest library in the world. Under the magnificent dome, US governmental policy is shaped and the law of the land is practiced. The interior is richly embellished, with hundreds of statues filling Statuary Hall in honor of important people in the country's history, while paintings and murals decorate the hallways and walls of the Rotunda, depicting 400 years of American history. The enormous circular hall capped by the 180ft (55m) high dome is the hub of the Capitol, with a symbolic fresco masterpiece at its center. The Rotunda links the north and south wings, the two halves of the Capitol that contain the Senate and House of Representatives respectively, and flags flying over either wing indicate which part of Congress is in session.
Address: Capitol Hill
Phone Number: (202) 224 3121 (general information), (202) 225 6827 (tour information)
Website: www.aoc.gov
Transport: Union Station Metro, Federal Center NW or Capitol South stations are all within walking distance
Hours: Open Monday to Saturday 9am and 4.30pm. Closed Christmas Day and Thanksgiving. Access is by guided tour only, every 30 minutes and tickets are on a first-come, first-served basis. Due to increased security it is advised that all visitors phone ahead for up to date information regarding tours
Admission: Free
The White HouseCity/Region: Washington DC
The White House has been the private residence and administrative headquarters of every President of the United States since 1800. Today an American flag flies over the house whenever the president is in residence. Situated at the edge of the National Mall, the palatial building has undergone numerous alterations over the years, which have included refurnishing and expansion, the addition of the first toilets by Jefferson, and electricity added during Harrison's presidency, as well as personal inclusions by each of its presidential occupants. The White House was adapted to the needs of Roosevelt who suffered polio and a swimming pool was installed; Jacqueline Kennedy developed the famous Rose Garden; Clinton added a jogging track, hot tub and humidor; and the most recent addition is Bush's horseshoe-throwing lane. Tours visit several rooms on the Ground and State Floors, including the Oval Office, the State Dining Room with seating for 140 dinner or luncheon guests, and the Gold and White East Room that is the publicized scene of presidential receptions and other social events. The top two floors are private. The custom that allows free public tours of the president's private home is only stopped during wartime. The visitor center provides interesting historical information about the residence and its occupants.
Address: 1600 Pennsylvania Ave
Phone Number: (202) 208 1631 (White House Visitor Center), or (202) 456 7041 (for up to date, 24-hr tour information)
Website: www.whitehouse.gov
Transport: McPherson Square, Federal Triangle or Metro Center metro stations
Hours: Open for tours Tuesday to Saturday 7.30am to 12.30pm, but visitors need to queue early at the visitor center to get a ticket. At present tours are limited to certain groups due to increased security and all visitors are advised to phone ahead for up to date information regarding tours. The White House Visitor Center is open daily from 7.30am to 4pm
Admission: Free
Washington MonumentCity/Region: Washington DC
In recognition of his leadership in the fight for American independence, George Washington earned the title 'Father of the Nation', and was the first president of the United States. The Washington Monument was built in memory of this great leader. As the tallest structure in the city, situated at the western end of the Mall, it offers 360-degree panoramic vistas with some of the most familiar sights in the world in view, including the White House, US Capitol, Smithsonian museums and the Lincoln Memorial. Constructed out of loose granite blocks without the use of cement to hold them together, the monument is the tallest freestanding masonry structure in the world, a 555ft (169m) marble obelisk that stood uncompleted for 37 years. A change in the color of stone is visible about halfway up and marks the two building phases. In 1888 a steam elevator transported visitors to the top, a 20-minute ride that was restricted, for safety reasons, to men only. Women could walk up the 897 stairs. Today climbing the steps is prohibited, but a free 70-second elevator conveys visitors to the gallery that provides unparalleled views of Washington, DC and across the Potomac River.
Address: 15th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW
Phone Number: (202) 426 6841 (park information), or to book advance tickets (877) 444 6777
Website: www.nps.gov/wamo
Transport: Smithsonian metro station
Hours: The monument is open daily 9am to 5pm. The ticket kiosk in the grounds is open daily 8.30am to 4.30pm, but as a limited number of first-come, first-serve tickets are obtainable daily, it is advisable to queue from early on
Admission: Although admission is free, a ticket is required to enter the monument and ascend to the top. Advance ticket reservations are subject to a $1.50 fee per ticket and a handling charge of $0.50 per order
Lincoln MemorialCity/Region: Washington DC
The grandiose Lincoln Memorial is a tribute to the 16th US president who preserved the Union during the Civil War and ended slavery. It also serves as a Civil War memorial, symbolising the idea of Freedom and American Democracy. The use of classical architecture, modeled on a Greek temple, is to remind people of the ancient Greeks who were the first modern culture to have a democratic government. In the center of the memorial, surrounded by 36 white columns representing the 36 states in Lincoln's Union, is a huge marble statue of Abraham Lincoln who, seated, stares out over the Reflecting Pool towards the Washington Monument and Capitol Hill. Carved in the walls of the memorial chamber around the statue are inscriptions of two of his most famous speeches, the Gettysburg Address and his Second Inaugural Address, and above each is a painted symbolic mural. The memorial is the site of numerous demonstrations committed to justice, most notably the Civil Rights march in 1963 when Martin Luther King delivered his classic 'I Have a Dream' speech. A bookshop and museum, detailing a photographic history of famous events that occurred on the steps, is nearby.
Address: 23rd Street
Phone Number: (202) 426 6841 (park information), or (202) 426 6895
Website: www.nps.gov/linc
Transport: Foggy Bottom metro station
Hours: Open daily 24 hours
Admission: Free
Federal Bureau of InvestigationCity/Region: Washington DC
Officially named the J Edgar Hoover FBI Building after its notorious long-time director, the ugly concrete structure that is headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Washington, DC. A one-hour guided tour takes visitors through the Material Analysis Unit and crime laboratories where fingerprinting, DNA and ballistics testing takes place. There are displays of thousands of confiscated weapons, and illegal items seized during narcotics operations, exhibits on crime fighting techniques and counterintelligence operations, as well as other presentations on terrorism, agent training, some famous cases, and photographs of the FBI's 'Ten Most Wanted List'. In the past, two tourists have led agents to wanted criminals after recognizing faces in the line-up. The tour ends with a sharp-shooting demonstration by a Special Agent who blasts away at a cardboard target and discusses firearm safety. Public tours of the interior have been suspended due to renovations until further notice and visitors are advised to phone ahead to check on the current status. Those in search of espionage history can go to the nearby, newly-opened International Spy Museum.
Address: 935 Pennsylvania Avenue
Phone Number: (202) 324 3447
Website: www.fbi.gov
Transport: Federal Triangle metro station
Hours: Open Monday to Friday 8.45am and 4.15pm. Admission is by FBI Tour only and as reservations are not required it is advised that visitors queue from early to get a ticket. Tours run between 8.45am and 2.30pm Monday to Friday (tours closed until further notice due to renovations)
Admission: Free
International Spy MuseumCity/Region: Washington DC
Washington's newest museum, the International Spy Museum, features the largest collection of publicly displayed international espionage artifacts in the world. It is the result of years of planning and advice by former officials of the CIA, FBI and the KGB, as well as some of the nation's top experts in intelligence. It aims to educate the public about espionage and its vital role and impact on historic and current events. Interactive exhibits cover the history of spying, famous spies, spying during the World Wars with an exhibit on unheeded intelligence that warned of the Pearl Harbour attack, sophisticated espionage techniques of the Cold War, and the latest spy trends and challenges of 21st century espionage. There is also a section dealing with high-tech gadgets such as bugs, tiny cameras and ingenious disguise techniques, with interactive stations exploring surveillance, disguises, code breaking, threat analysis and more. The museum complex includes a restaurant, spy-theme cafe and shop.
Address: 800 F Street
Phone Number: (202) 393 7798; and (202) 432 7328 (TicketMaster Advance Tickets)
Website: www.spymuseum.org
Transport: Gallery Place/Chinatown or National Archives/Navy memorial metro stations
Hours: Open daily, but times vary within the month, so visitors are advised to consult the Museum's website or phone for more information. The museum closes one hour after last admission
Admission: $16 (adults), $13 (children 5-11). Advance Tickets recommended especially for weekends and holidays. TicketMaster also offers Advance Tickets online (www.ticketmaster.com), by phone or at any TicketMaster office, but a service fee is charged
Smithsonian InstitutionCity/Region: Washington DC
One of the world's finest research centers, the Smithsonian Institution incorporates 13 excellent museums and galleries, nine of which line the Mall, and a zoo. The center was the idea of British scientist James Smithson who stipulated in his will that lacking heirs his entire fortune would go the United States 'to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men'. The Institute's original home was in the red brick building known as The Castle that stands on the Mall. The need to accommodate facilities for scientific research as well as housing all the scientific and art collections amassed resulted in the construction of more buildings along the Mall. Today the Castle houses the Smithsonian Information Center, which provides an overview of all the museums and the zoo. The museums contain collections of historical importance on almost every subject. Museums include the National Air and Space Museum packed with full-size space and aircraft, including the Wright brothers' plane, the Natural History Museum with the Hope Diamond and the biggest ever blue whale, and the American History Museum displaying the original Kermit the Frog. Other museums include the Freer and Sackler Galleries of Asian Art, the African Art Museum, the American Indian Museum, the Arts and Industries Building hosting changing exhibitions, the Hirshborn collection of modern art, the National Portrait Gallery, and the National Postal Museum.
Address: Smithsonian Castle Visitor Center, 1000 Jefferson Drive
Phone Number: (202) 633 1000
Email Address: info@si.edu
Website: www.si.edu
Transport: Smithsonian metro station. The DC Circulator bus provides transportation among the museums
Hours: The Smithsonian Castle Visitor Center is open daily from 8.30am to 5.30pm. The museums are open daily from 10am to 5.30pm. Closed 25 December
Admission: All museums are free
National Gallery of ArtCity/Region: Washington DC
Two buildings, the West and East Wings, make up the visually stunning National Gallery of Art that is the most popular art museum in North America. Together they house one of the world's leading collections of Western paintings, graphics and sculptures from the Middle Ages to the 20th century, and walking from the West wing to the East provides a near chronological display of European art. The West Wing, the original building, is a marble architectural work of art with a domed rotunda over a fountain that houses most of the permanent collection. More than 100 galleries display modern and contemporary art with masterpieces by famous artists arranged by nationality, and include what is considered to be the finest Renaissance collection outside of Italy, as well as an outstanding Impressionist collection. The gallery's newer addition is the ultramodern East Wing, composed of two glass-walled triangles, and is devoted to 20th century paintings and sculptures. The National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden is a large park outside the museum, which features a huge central fountain with several of the museum's permanent collection of sculptures on display.
Address: 4th and Constitution Avenue
Phone Number: (202) 737 4215
Website: www.nga.gov
Transport: Smithsonian, Judiciary Square or National Archives/Navy Memorial metro stations
Hours: Monday to Saturday 10am to 5pm, Sunday 11am to 6pm
Admission: Free
US Holocaust Memorial MuseumCity/Region: Washington DC
One of the city's best museums, but also the most disturbing, is the US Holocaust Memorial Museum that hauntingly commemorates the discrimination and murder of millions of Jews by the Nazis, from 1933 to 1945. The permanent exhibition is divided into three floors, starting with the Nazi occupation of Poland, the Holocaust, and finally the after effects of the war and liberation of the camps, with a moving film in which Holocaust survivors recount their personal experiences. The Hall of Remembrance is a quiet meditative place with dozens of burning candles lit in memory of the victims. Exhibits vividly convey the scale and nature of the horrors of the Holocaust using films, voice recordings, personal belongings of Jewish victims, photographs and Nazi propaganda. The permanent exhibition's graphic content is extremely disturbing and is not recommended for children under 11 years of age. A different section of the museum contains an exhibit designed for children, called 'Daniel's Story: Remember the Children'.
Address: 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place
Phone Number: (202) 488 0400; and (800) 400 9373 (Advance Tickets)
Website: www.ushmm.org
Transport: Smithsonian metro station
Hours: Daily 10am to 5.30pm
Admission: Free. A ticket is necessary for the permanent exhibition. Advance Tickets are recommended and can be purchased from TicketMaster online (www.tickets.com) or by phone, but a service fee is charged
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